Quotes of Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor who was first to patent a successful telephone apparatus and later commercializes a domestic telephone network. To quote Alexander Graham Bell, we have to start with the first voice message ever transmitted, which was, Mr. Watson — come here — I want to see you. Watson was Bells assistant at the time and the quote was the first sound of a voice ever transmitted by electricity. Alexander Graham Bell Quotes Wherever you may find the inventor, you may give him wealth or you may take from him all that he has; and he will go on inventing. He can no more help inventing that he can help thinking or breathing. The inventor looks upon the world and is not contented with things as they are. He wants to improve whatever he sees, he wants to benefit the world; he is haunted by an idea. The spirit of invention possesses him, seeking materialization. Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the cooperation of many minds. I may be given credit for having blazed the trail, but when I look at the subsequent developments I feel the credit is due to others rather than to myself. When one door closes, another door opens; but we so often look so long and regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us. What this power is I cannot say; all I know is that it exists and it becomes available only when a man is in that state of mind in which he knows exactly what he wants and is fully determined not to quit until he finds it. America is a country of inventors, and the greatest of inventors are the newspaper men. The final result of our researches has widened the class of substances sensitive to light vibrations until we can propound the fact of such sensitiveness being a general property of all matter. Perseverance must have some practical end, or it does not avail the man possessing it. A person without a practical end in view becomes a crank or an idiot. Such persons fill our asylums. A man, as a general rule, owes very little to what he is born with – a man is what he makes of himself. Concentrate all of your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun’s rays do not burn until brought to a focus. The most successful men, in the end, are those whose success is the result of steady accretion. Watson, if I can get a mechanism which will make a current of electricity vary in its intensity, as the air varies in density when a sound is passing through it, I can telegraph any sound, even the sound of speech.​ I then shouted into the mouthpiece the following sentence: Mr. Watson, Come here, I want to see you. To my delight, e came and declared that he had heard and understood what I said. I asked him to repeat the words. He answered, You said, Mr. Watson, come here I want to see you.

Quality Of A Project Management - 1768 Words

Lesson learned 4#: Excellent third party supervising system lead to high quality of the project. The guarantee of nice quality of a project is essential for project management. The project pass rate achieves 100 % and with excellent rate by more than 90 %, which means as a project management specialist said, it results from first-rate construction organization, project supervision and project builders. During the preparation of Cowboys Stadium, all designers, project managers and builders try their best to ensure its quality, regarding it as an art ware. Whenever there are meetings or supervisions, the construction headquarters always, on the basis of the strictest requirement, to check each stage of project. When considering the design†¦show more content†¦It is really tough to protect the altitude environment facing a highly cold and vulnerable ecosystem with lack of oxygen. On the basis of the policy as â€Å"prevention first, conservation first, pay equal attention to b oth exploitation and protection†, the construction headquarters adopt the mechanism of environmental supervision to minimize the influence of this rail project on local environment. What we learned here is that in order to control the project’s quality, it is helpful to pay attention to each process during the project. Each perfect separate section contributes to the whole success, such as standard process, high standards, and rigid regulations. On the other hand, a third party supervising mechanism will also result in the desirable quality. It is much easier for them to point out the problems, as they are independent. Any critical issues can be identified by them and in this way can the project has a successful result. Lessons learned #5: Effective motivation and communication strategies have significance in the human resource management. The size of project construction was huge, including many different departments like design construction operation and supervision department. Meanwhile, human resource management between managers, construction teams, and construction workers is an important issue which influences the cost time and quality. According to PMBOK, high team performance can be

Sociological Theories About The Modern Family Free Essays

â€Å"The family is the most important institution in society. † This statement is repeated in almost every sociology text in some form or another. However, current trends suggest that there may be some inaccuracies in this claim. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociological Theories About The Modern Family or any similar topic only for you Order Now Family is indeed important and necessary. It can even be defined as very important, but its relationship to the term institutional may be problematic. The conflict is inherent in the definition of family based of the functionalists and the conflict theorists. Functionalist Theory This conservative, macro-level perspective emphasizes the role of family as a social institution that contributes to social stability. Carroll (2012) explains that the violence and terror of the French Revolution and the mass violence resulting from the desperate circumstances of the workers during the Industrial Revolution led to fears of the consequences of a crumbling social order. Out of this fear grew conservative intellectual writings that examined social bonds, rules, and socialization practices that enable society to maintain a sense of stability that benefits all members of society. Functional theorists warn of dire consequences if a strong society and effective socialization practices are not maintained. Carroll explains that Émile Durkheim, the French scholar who first presented this theory, suggested that society had a moral authority to â€Å"limit individual aspirations† in order to maintain norms and values and to limit social change in order to prevent social upheaval. Within this theory, family is seen as the institution that is responsible for socializing children, regulating sexual activity and reproduction, and provides its members with a social identity (Carroll, 2012). Conflict Theory This macro-level perspective focuses on the negative outcomes of societal norms, such as social inequality, and seeks to address and redress the aspects of society that perpetuate these undesirable norms. Carroll (2012) explains that this theory grew out of the works of Marx and Engels who believed that revolution was a necessary step for transforming a capitalist social order that enslaved the working class (the proletariat) to the ruling class (the bourgeoisie) and perpetuates poverty and misery for the enslaved. The primary conflict according to Marx and Engels is based on perpetuating social norms within a class system that benefits one class over another. Conflict theorists examine how the family unit is also an institution that perpetuates inequality, by reinforcing patriarchy, between members of the family and seeks to find solutions to reduce or eliminate these innate inequalities. Feminist theory, in particular, evaluates how gender inequality is perpetuated within the family as children are socialized to fulfil future social, political, and economic roles (Carroll, 2012). Symbolic-Internationalist Theory A micro-perspective paradigm examines the meanings, interpretations, and understandings of the interactions of individuals within a society. While this type of theory does not contribute to evaluating and solving social issues such as poverty, racism, sexism, or social change, it does allow a context for understanding the nature of institutions, such as the family, within the macro-perspective theories. Social order is transmitted through symbols— roles, behaviours, and other social constructions— that are integrated as a result of social interactions (Carroll, 2012). Although this is a micro-theoretical paradigm, understanding the interactions, communication, symbols, and expectations could contribute to alleviating the clash between the two macro-level theories. Understanding what works and what does not work permits opportunities to change or delete the aspects of family or family dynamics that contributes to inequality, without dismantling the entire institution and causing complete social upheaval. The Changing Nature of Family O’Neill (2002) evaluates the â€Å"fatherless family† and provides ample statistics to show that the breakdown of the traditional family of father,  mother, and offspring— due to increasing divorce and out-of-wedlock reproduction— is correlated with poverty, emotional, psychological, and heath problems, and interaction problems with children for lone mothers; health issues or increased engagement in high risk behaviours for non-resident fathers; poverty, deprivation, school troubles, more health problems, and increased risk of abuse for children who do not live with their biological fathers. Her conclusion that these issues are the result of the breakdown of the family is an example of functionalist theory. She suggests that the outcomes are the result of the social breakdown of a vital social institution. A conflict theorist would more than likely suggest a different reason for the observed dysfunctions outlined by O’Neill (2002). The symbolic-internationalist would provide very specific context of the nature of the interactions within the families described by O’Neill and may find that the dysfunctions are not the result of resistance to socialized norms, but in fact due to conformity. The â€Å"fatherless† family is led by a mother, and she is likely to be subject to societal norms that diminish her ability to earn as much as her male counterparts (increased poverty— which contributes to greater stress, diminished health, deprivation, etc. ). The functionalist would argue that the distressing results found in these families are also necessary outcomes, as society must not reward those who seek to disrupt the social order. This functionalist attitude is very evident in current American political discourse as a number of far right-wing conservative politicians are introducing and passing legislation that reflects their fundamentalist Christian ideals in which patriarchal values that limit the â€Å"individual aspirations† of women to control their own reproduction. The traditional family consists of a bread-winning father and a home-making mother, an ideal that is held sacrosanct by this group of legislators. The conflict theorist, by contrast, seeks to discover the constructs in society and within the family that cause the inequalities, rather than to blame the inequalities on those who are trapped by them for not conforming to the functionalist ideals. Families are continuing to evolve— at least the definition is— in that there is increasing acceptance— both social and legal— for families in which the primary adults are a same-sex couple, either with or without offspring. The battle of ideologies still rages on in the United States, although an increasing number of states  have extended legal status to families of this type. In Canada, the Civil Marriage Act was passed in 2005 and after a brief re-vote in 2007— which defeated the Conservative motion to restore the traditional definition of marriage— marriage equality became a non-issue (politically) when the prime minister announced his government would not bring it up again (Makarenko, 2007). Family as a Societal Institution The family serves a functional purpose in society in that it provides the environment for producing, nurturing, and socializing the next generation. However, the nature of family has changed significantly and some of the new styles of families— single parent families, cohabiting unions, same-sex intimate partnerships, egalitarian marriages, and blended families— contradict the societal norms representative in a traditional patriarchal family. Cherlin (2004) explains that the â€Å"weakening of social norms that define partners’ behaviour† has deinstitutionalized marriage. The political and religious backlash is indicative of the conservative functionalist view of social stability being reliant upon maintaining the status quo. In fact, these conservatives are holding many of societies ills (e.g. , increased crime, debilitating poverty, sexual promiscuity, etc. ) as evidence that society is breaking down and traditional norms must be re-established in order to preserve order. The conflict theorists would argue that social norms are, in fact, the source of the dysfunctions in society. The solution is somewhere in between. The social norms that define family as an institution are likely problematic. The aspects of family that support and nurture intimate partners and children are vital to our continued well-being. In fact research suggests that the â€Å"symbolic significance† of marriage is still valued by individuals (Cherlin 2004). Family as a refuge, a safe place to grow, learn, and achieve, is an ideal that inspires us, but family as a tool of the state to perpetuate inequity is what makes it an institution. The functionalists are correct, the institutions are failing, but a new family paradigm is emerging. Family is more about the relationships and what members of families can do for each other, rather than what the unit can do for the state. Burgess and Locke (1945) argued that the family is moving away from â€Å"institution† and moving toward â€Å"companionship†. Perhaps it is time to let go of the functionalist  definition and embrace the research of the social internationalists â€Å"to understand the other person’s symbols and meanings†¦ [and] approach common ground† (Hammond, 2009). Inglehart and Baker (2000) found evidence in their World Values Surveys— that included 65 societies that represented 75 percent of the world’s population— that religious and traditional values continue to leave an imprint upon cultures but economic development is â€Å"associated with shifts away from absolute norms and values toward values that are increasingly rational, tolerant, trusting, and participatory.† Conclusion The modern definition of family is much too diverse to fit the functionalists’ traditional paradigm as an institution designed to perpetuate social norms in order to maintain social stability. Some modern families are examples of contradictory norms and are held up as examples by conservatives as the very reason society is on the brink of chaos. However, it is unlikely that society is in fact in danger of a complete breakdown. The new families are actually indicative of a society that is moving into a new paradigm where diversity is embraced. Family is still valued and supported, but not as an institution that perpetuates social norms, but as a function that supports individual growth and security. The nature of this societal grouping is one of affection and security for all its members and as such will remain important and as long as families— of all types— are supported and sustained by society and by its members, the larger community will also benefit with the same stable society that the functionalists so adamantly wish to preserve. How to cite Sociological Theories About The Modern Family, Essays

Photosynthesis Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Photosynthesis Persuasive Essay II.) Introduction / ObjectivePhotosynthesis is the process by which chlorophyll containing organisms such as green plants, algae, and some bacteria capture energy from light and convert it to chemical energy. For the process of photosynthesis to take place the organism must contain chloroplasts. Chlorophyll is responsible for the green color in plants and is also responsible for their ability to photosynthesize. Photosynthesis is usually carried out in the leaves of green plants, but it can also take place in other parts of the plant such as the stem. The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is: Sunlight + 6CO2 + H2O yields-C6H12O6 + 6O2The purpose of this lab is to answer the question, Is sunlight required for photosynthesis?III.) Experimental Design / Materials and MethodsThe first experiment was called Separating Plant Pigments. In this first experiment the materials that you need are a piece of green plant (collard greens), a piece of chromatography paper, solvent, an d a test tube. The first thing you do is take your green plant and fold it up tightly. Second, you lay the plant on the chromatography paper and smash parts of the plant onto the paper. Next you mark the outside of the tube with a wax pencil where the bottom of the pigments are. Then we take the paper back out of the tube and add the solvent to the bottom of the test tube. Next we have to wait fifteen to twenty minutes for the see what will happen to the paper. The purpose of this experiment is to see how many different pigments will separate from the green plants. We will write a custom essay on Photosynthesis Persuasive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second experiment was called Detecting Carbon Dioxide Absorption in Green Plants. In the second experiment that was conducted the materials needed are three large test tubes, some Elodea plants, bromthymol blue solution, and a piece of tin foil. The first thing you do is place pieces of the Elodea plant in two of the test tubes. Second you add the bromthymol blue solution, which is a carbon dioxide indicator, to the test tube nearly to the top. The third tube is filled with bromthymol blue solution and is used as a control so that you can compare color change. Next you wrap one of the Elodea containing tubes in tin foil so that it does not receive sunlight. The other Elodea containing tube should be placed in the light. All should remain this way for a twenty-four hour period. The purpose of this experiment is to detect when carbon dioxide is released or gained. The third experiment is called Detecting Starch in Leaves. Starch is not a result of photosynthesis, but we think that it came from sugars produced during photosynthesis. The materials needed for this experiment are a hot plate, two small beakers, water, ethanol, a leaf from a Coleus plant exposed to light; a light deprived plant, and an iodine solution. The first thing you do is boiling the light exposed leaf in water for one minute. Next you boil the same leaf in ethanol for one minute or until the leaf has turned white. Take the leaf out of the ethanol and place it on a small petri dish and soak it in the iodine solution. If the plant contains starch the color of the iodine will change from a rusty red color to a dark purple or black. Next you take the light deprived plant and boil it for one minute in water. Take it out of the water and place it in the ethanol solution and boil it for one minute. Take the leaf out of the ethanol and place it on a small petri dish and cover it in iodine. The purpose if this experiment is to detect starch in green plants. .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .postImageUrl , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:hover , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:visited , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:active { border:0!important; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:active , .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4 .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u79b96381d43639b85564472c336808a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Appearance Vs Reality EssayIV.) ResultsIn the first lab that was conducted our results came out positive that light is required for photosynthesis to occur. In this experiment I had three color pigments to separate out on to the chromatography paper. Photosynthesis was present in these because the pigments contained chlorophyll a, which plays an important part in photosynthesis. The other pigments contained carotene and xanthrophylls, which are both present in photosynthesis. In the second experiment we used Elodea plants and a carbon dioxide detecting solvent to see when carbon dioxide is released or gained. In the first tube with the Elodea wrapped in tin foil, so that it could not receive light, the plant gained carbon dioxide during aerobic cellular respiration and turned the solvent yellow. In the control tube the solvent remained the same color because carbon dioxide was not gained or released. In the tube that was kept under the light carbon dioxide was lost and the color changed to a dark blue. This release of carbon dioxide under light proves that light is required from photosynthesis. The third experiment that we conducted was to see if starch was found in the leaves of green plants. In the plant that was exposed to light starch was found. This proves that photosynthesis was taking place because the plant was producing sugar. In the plant that was deprived of light there was no starch found which proved that photosynthesis did not occur. The pla nt had to use its stored starch as a source of food. V.) DiscussionMy interpretation of all these experiments is that yes some type of light energy is required for photosynthesis to occur. In every experiment conducted photosynthesis was present when there was light. In the experiments where light was not present the plant was not producing food or carbon dioxide. In conclusion these experiments prove to me that some type of light is required for photosynthesis. If there is no source of light the plant had to use its stored food to survive. Without light the plant could not survive very long after it had used all of its stored food and energy. Science Essays

Hanna Vs. Joe Contrasting Roles In Agelsin America Essays

Hanna Vs. Joe Contrasting Roles In Agelsin America Mishawn Simms Period 4 Hannah vs. Joe In Tony Kushners to part play, Angels in America, readers are introduced to a closeted gay man, Joe Pitt and are exposed to his relationship with his Mormon mother, Hannah. An underlying conflict occurs when Hannah finds out her son is a homosexual; a problem which forces her to question her love and acceptance towards her son and her strong Mormon anti gay sentiments and beliefs. This conflict between mother and son helps Kushner illustrate the complexity of sexuality and the changing views of homosexuality. The conflict between Joe and Hannah initially arises when Joe tells is mom for the first time that he is gay. Joe's mother is Mormon and Joe himself is born and raised Mormon. The religious prohibits homosexuality and this, Hannah is in shock when Joe tells her what is going on. It is even more shocking due to the fact that Joe is presumably happily married to Harper, also a Mormon. During This discussion with his mother, Joe tries to point the finger at his father who Joe claims didn't love him enough and might have caused his homosexuality. Hannah can not seem to deal with the situation and delves into extreme denial. She hangs up the phone thinking the conversation came from Joe just being drunk. Hannah's Mormon background embedded in her strict beliefs about traditional love and marriages and the idea that being gay is unnatural and devilish. This background doesn't allow her to accept Joe's sexuality. It is in this upheaval that Hannah moves from Salt Lake City to New York in hopes to save her son and his dying marriage. Her arrival, However only makes the situation worse. She carries out responsibility as a mother-in-law and takes care of the abandonment and valium-dependant Harper and manages at the same time to dive Joe completely out of the picture. By the second part of the play, Hannah is working at a Mormons visitor center in New York and simultaneously taking care of Harper. Joe meanwhile is beginning his first relationship with a man, Louis. Both Joe and Hannah are opening up; Joe living out his homosexual tendencies and Hannah being exposed to absurd circumstances such as the meeting of prior. Prior in many ways becomes Hannah's first real recognition of homosexuality. Prior, who is surviving with A. I. D. S visits the Mormon center, where he falls severely ill and ends up being saved by Hannah. This seems to be Hannah's first experience with a gay man and for not being very accepting of the lifestyle, she handles the situation maturely and responsibly. Hannah, in accepting Prior, seems to almost be accepting her own son. She explains to Prior that it isn't necessarily Joe's homosexuality that she cant accept and allow but rather the stupidity of two men in any configuration?, that gets to her. Joe and Hannah never get a chance in the play to talk about their problems and save their parent-child bondage, but through the conflict; birth grow. Kushner uses a Mormon man being Gay to illustrate the idea that people cannot determine their sexual fate by discussing two extremes. In coupling the strict religion of Mormonism with homosexuality, Kushner purposefully sets up a great conflict. The dynamic between mother and son isn't the only interesting consequence, however. The conflict also illustrates Hannah's growth. By the end of the play, the religious Hannah has saved a gays man life and has made out with a female angel; reaching orgasm. The conflict begins to focus less on Joe and Hannah and more on the acceptance of homosexuality in the constantly changing world. Even though Joe and Hannah do not end up living happily in a traditional family setting, both evolve from the conflict as new people. For changing, Joe grows the least. Instead of becoming a better man, he falls int o whatever hole comes his way; either fighting for Louis or settling Harper. Hannah turns into a new and open-minded person who in the last scene of the play is hanging out in New York with three gay men (one of which who is an ex-drag queen). Kushner uses this underlying conflict and solution

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese There are many terms for aunt in Chinese depending on whether the aunt is on the mothers side, fathers side, the eldest aunt, or the youngest aunt. Also, each region in China has its own way of saying aunt. Across the board, the most common term for aunt in Chinese is  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­). Pronunciation   The Chinese term for aunt or auntie is composed of two characters: é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨. The pinyin for the first character é˜ ¿ is Ä . Thus, é˜ ¿ is pronounced in the 1st tone. The pinyin for the second character Ã¥ § ¨ is yà ­. That means Ã¥ § ¨ is pronounced in the 2nd tone. In terms of  tones,  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ can also be referred to as a1 yi2. Term Use é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­) is a general term that can be used to refer to  a family member, but it can also refer to people outside of the family. While it is considered polite to formally address female acquaintances as Miss or Mrs. in America, Chinese culture errs on the more familiar side. When addressing friends of parents, parents of friends, or elder females acquaintances in general, it is common to call them é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­).  In that way, this term is akin in auntie in English. Different Family Members As mentioned earlier, there are many ways to say aunt in Chinese depending on many factors. Here is a short breakdown of different terms for aunt in Mandarin Chinese. Ã¥ §â€˜Ã¥ §â€˜ (gÃ… «gu):  fathers sisterÃ¥ © ¶Ã¥ © ¶ (shÄ›nshen):  fathers brothers wifeÃ¥ § ¨Ã¥ ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (yà ­mÄ ):  mothers sister舅å ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¨Ë†â€¦Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (jià ¹mÄ ):  mothers brothers wife Sentence Examples Using  Ã„€yà ­ Ä€yà ­ li le!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (traditional Chinese)é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¦  ¥Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (simplified Chinese)Auntie is here! TÄ  shà ¬ bà ¹shà ¬ nÇ  de Ä yà ­?Ã¥ ¥ ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨(both traditional and simplified Chinese)Is she your aunt? Ä€yà ­ hÇŽo!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½! (both traditional and simplified Chinese)Hi, Auntie!

Themes in Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption Essay

Themes in Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption - Essay Example One major theme that unfolds in this book is about the pain and burden of imprisonment and isolation. In this novel, Stephen King has mainly centered the plot on prison life, and inmates at Shawshank Prison. The prisoners in this prison are locked up. This therefore, could be either literally or metaphorically. Stephen King shows the aspect of isolation through the way he has portrayed the prison setting. The prison is enclosed with walls, showing that the inmates were confined inside the prison, thus, were isolated, and denied freedom like that in the life outside the prison walls. The recreation yard in the prison is also enclosed, as well as the cells, where each prisoner lived (King Web). The prison environment in this novel, thus, represents a different world, where the inmates have been forced into after being removed from the free world. They therefore, are confined in the prison, with no opportunity of going back to the outside world, unless their term is over. The lack of fr eedom and alienation from the mainstream society is disheartening to most prisoners, and this has detrimental psychological effects on the prisoners. The pain of imprisonment in this book is evident in the lives of the prisoners. These are faced with multiple challenges in the prison, and therefore, these leave them with endless pain, both physically and psychologically. The prisoners by virtue of being in prison, have to encounter violent and mean people and gangs among themselves, who torture them, both physically and psychologically. The â€Å"sisters,† which is a gang in the prison tortures other inmates by abusing them sexually. On the other hand, both the experience of isolation and imprisonment make most of the prisoners believe that they are incompetent in the outside world. Experiences in the prison have derailed the inmates psychologically, and taken away their confidence and self-esteem. Although some prisoners such as Elwood Blatch want to appear like strong and hardened, deep within, these fear if they will ever fit in life outside prison, and if they will adapt to that life after serving their jail term. Red is also shown as being afraid of coping with freedom in the outside world (King Web). Additionally, Stephen King in this novel developed the theme of hope and its power. Through the different events in this book, one realizes that the author attempts to show the audience that hope is powerful. The inmates at Shawshank have every reason to give up hope, but these have not lost hope. Therefore, it is the hope that they uphold, which is responsible for their continued living and survival. Even though the inmates are faced with the burdens that come with imprisonment and isolation, these have not given up life, nor attempted to take away their life. For instance, Andy comes out as a determined person, who fights to maintain his sense of self-worth and therefore, this virtue is sufficient for him to keep at bay any extreme sense of anger and frustration, which would result from the isolation and confinement he faces in the prison. He serves as the model of an ideal man to other prisoners , and also a epitome of hope, as characterized by his spirit, which never loses hope. Hope is also portrayed when Andy progressively tunnels the concrete wall of his cell, and finally crawls out of his cell into freedom. While outside prison, Andy writes a letter to Red, and reminds him that, â€Å"

Human Resource Management in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Human Resource Management in China - Essay Example In past building, money and the products were considered as the vital assets, but today Human resource is right up with the other monetary and liquid assets and in successful organizations it is considered as the most important strategic asset of the organization. Human Resource management has a great role in changing the business ideologies and modern rationales up to this point (Bhatia & Dey, 2005). This changed labeled the Human Resource department as the advocates of the employees, rather then the advocates of the employers as in the past. The modern world has admitted that Human Resource department is an important strategic department and has a key role in organization as it deals in managing the most vital asset of the organization, the Human workforce. Previously this department was considered as a wasteful and completely unnecessary expense center where as now it is considered as the strategic partner with other departments in achieving the organizational goals. Human Resource managers manage organizational activities through different practices. These practices are not a constant in all the organizations. Not all the managers all over the world use the same Human resource management methods (Daft, 2001). It is because they operate in different organizations that are placed in different countries and cultures. Therefore the responsibilities of the Human resource managers play a vital role for the organization as a whole. For example consider an Organization that is placed globally. Then the job of the Human Resource manager is to find out about the labor force of the country, their diversity, age trends, skills and culture. Where as other factors should also be considered such as the economical conditions, government regulations, infrastructure, laws and culture of that country. Managers must also screen the external environment before entering the market. If these factors are handled lightly before setting up a business in the country, organization may end up in loosing vast amount of money and resources. That is why HR managers should consider all the aspects very carefully as the availability of the required labor force and its nature of motivation may also depend upon these factors (Globalization & Environment, 2009). Other than that a company has to answer the questions, which must involve all the departments of the organization. These questions may include why they want to go to that country, who will be the workers, what will be the structure, from where will the finances come and what are the legal requirements to consider. These questions bring all the departments like Finance, legal and Human Resource department into play. As a HR manager ones job is to find out about the labor force availability and the legal issues dealing in the labor and the human resource laws of the country. Both the areas are the most important areas for the organization, as it enters a new country. As workers are the one who are responsible for running the business, where as legal laws keeps a check on companies activities and management in the treatment of the that workforce. The final decision maker must seriously consider the report submitted by the HR manager if the business is to be successful (Heller, 2007). PEST Analysis of

Project Management of Suvarnabhumi airport ( Thailand) Coursework

Project Management of Suvarnabhumi airport ( Thailand) - Coursework Example So, the proposal elaborates the project plan and objective, which is to form a clear idea of the different activities involved. The risks that are encountered in the project are also evaluated in the proposal. The stakeholders are concerned regarding success of project and have certain expectations out of the same. The expectations of stakeholders are also examined with the ultimate result of the project. The impact of the project on the operation, local communities and environment is also highlighted in the following sections of the proposal. Suvarnabhumi Airport, also known as Bangkok International Airport, is regarded as the most populous airport in Thailand. The project of constructing this airport in Thailand was scheduled to end by late 2005; but, the airport was opened on September, 2006 (Kable, 2014). It is now the hub for numerous fairways and serves as a connecting point and regional gateway for the foreign carriers. The project can be evaluated by using the renowned framework, Iron Triangle. Iron Triangle elaborates that every project has its own constraints like, quality, time and cost goal. The airport project had these three constraints too. Stakeholders of the project had expected quality of the airport services and infrastructure to be apt as per their needs and satisfaction. This was hard to maintain, but the project had overcome these shortcomings and had created one of the busiest airport in the world (Chaichalearmmongkol, 2014). The inauguration of the airport was scheduled in the late 2005; but due to huge budget over run, it was postponed to September 2006 (Airports of Thailand Public Co., Ltd, 2014). Thus, the project had to encounter the cost constraint. The project was not completed within the scheduled time because of the budget over run since the time constraint was not followed. On evaluating the project with the help of Iron Triangle framework, it is observed that if the time constraint was followed, then

Marketing Plan For Persil Cleaner Planet Plan Marketing Essay

Marketing Plan For Persil Cleaner Planet Plan Marketing Essay With the recent new initiative of the Persil Cleaner Planet Plan being foremost in the companies mind http://www.persil.com/CleanerPlanet.aspx the main objectives of the plan are to be the focal point of this marketing plan. The development of a new product which is environmentally friendly, kind on skin, yet tough on stains is going to enable the achievement of these objectives. With the continuous introduction of re-usable nappy schemes throughout the world it can be seen that there is a potential market for a product that can meet the needs of consumers. In order to reduce the carbon footprint through the use of re-usable nappies a product has to be introduced that can wash at low temperatures. Previous research has shown that in order to benefit from the use of re-usable nappies compared to disposable ones certain factors have to be taken into account when washing e.g. low temperature, full load etc. The main purpose of this new product shall be the washing of re-usable nappies and clothes at as lower temperate as possible. To ensure success in achieving the objectives specific marketing strategies will be used in the marketing plan process these are segmentation, targeting and the marketing mix, all of which will establish the products potential. Cleaner Planet Plan Tactics Segmentation To establish the target market for the new product the use of demographic segmentation will be adopted. This will enable the company to reach specific consumers and help to understand their needs. A variable of demographic segmentation to consider is Generation X as they could prove to be a potential target market for the product, although getting the message across to them will be difficult and will need to be done via word of mouth. Targeting The product is to be mainly aimed at new parents; the recent baby boom will create significant opportunities, whilst also targeting existing consumers who care about the environment and the affect of global warming. With the initial use of penetration pricing the new product will be accessible to those consumers who wish to change from their current brand to a more environmentally friendly one and will attract parents keen on the idea of using re-usable nappies but concerned about the initial outlay, as this can often be quite expensive. Marketing mix 4Ps The four strategies of the marketing mix will be used to reach the companies objectives. Product In using the concept of benefit building figure 1(LearnMarketing.net, 2009) as devised by Philip Kotler the company can begin to get an overall picture of the product and its benefits. Figure 1 http://www.learnmarketing.net/totalproduct1.jpg The new product is to be named Persil Nature, an environmentally friendly, non-biological, hypo-allergenic washing powder with added Aloe Vera. It is to be made from plant and mineral based ingredients that are biodegradable. Persil Natures core function is to enable the washing of re-usable nappies and clothes at a temperature of 15c or better still cold water. It will be packaged in a biodegradable cardboard box with a pull out pouring spout. Preference is to be given to cardboard as oppose to plastic as the opportunities for recycling from home are far greater. It will be available in pack sizes of 850g, 2.38kg and 4.25kg. The labelling will have the typical Persil branding and will display a top tips section with advice on the best ways of washing, drying etc. to further promote the environmental issues. There will also be information to direct consumers to the companys Cleaner Planet Plan website. It shall come with a money back guarantee if consumers are not entirely satisfied with the product. Price The penetration pricing strategy will be used to encourage consumers to use the product. An introductory price will be used in the first few weeks of the launching of the new product. This initial price shall be in line with other biological products in the companies range. The price will then be increased in line with other similar products on the market, with special attention been paid to the companies close competitors. Table 1 below shows the introductory and increased prices for each pack size: Table 1 Pack size Introductory price Increased price 850g  £3.49  £4.49 2.38kg  £6.99  £7.99 4.25kg  £10.99  £11.99 The price will constantly be reviewed in order to achieve the maximum potential of the product and strategies put in place where relevant. Promotion A wide variety of marketing campaigns will be undertaken to reach the target market. The use of TV, radio and the web will help to promote the product to a wider audience. Advertisements will be placed in newspapers and magazines and promotional leaflets will also be used. The company will work in partnership with local councils, hospitals; through midwives and nurseries to promote re-usable nappy schemes and also the new product. Partnership will also take place with re-usable nappy companies, with money-off coupons being placed on nappy products and vice versa. Place The product will need to be in the right place at the right time. This process will need to be carefully planned as bad timing can have a significant impact on whether a new product succeeds or fails in the world of fast moving consumer goods. Distribution will be made through retailers as there is a strong market presence already there and they are able to have a more personal relationship with consumers.

Essay --

Midwifery became my interest ever since my sister became pregnant in January 2012. I was involved in all her appointments including her first ultra sound dating scan at 12 weeks which indicated when the baby was due going right until her labour. From this I discovered that a midwife does not just deliver the baby but most importantly takes care of the mother and baby giving advice and support during the whole pregnancy right until after the labour when they do home visits. This really interested me as I am a very caring and considerate person and so I then went onto do research into the Midwifery profession and learned that Midwives are very important to the mother and baby as they monitor their general health and wellbeing, carry out clinical examinations, answer all questions and be a general source of support for the mother as well as delivers the baby. After my GCSE’s I went onto do an apprenticeship in hair and beauty which enabled me to gain knowledge, experience and many qualifications. During this time I learned many new skills such as teamwork, customer service, learning ho...

China’s Role in the World Economy

Over the past decades, the competitiveness of the United States economy has been outstanding because of its capacity for innovation, higher education system, market size in terms of labor and product markets, and flexible capital markets. These advantages have allowed U. S. industries to take a leadership role in the global economy, providing products and services demanded worldwide. However, the U. S. economic powerhouse faces expanded global competition. Economic liberalization throughout the world, skills upgrades in developing countries and massive technological advances mean that the United States faces expanded competition for jobs and investment. The United States’ overall competitive position in the world economy is threatened by uprising developing countries such as BRIC—Brazil, Russia, India, and China. This paper will focus particularly on China’s role in the world economy. At a time when the U. S. nd other traditional economic powers are weakening, China’s economic power is strengthening, indicating that it will try to find a much more assertive role in shaping the future of the world financial order. China, after all, has one-fifth of the world’s population, or roughly twice the population of the European Union, the United States, and Japan plus a handful of other high income nations. China sees the global downturn as an opportunity and it has the resources to seize the moment. Although Chinese leaders are struggling with shrinking trade and rising unemployment, China’s economy is still growing faster than those of other major nations. Chinese banks are more stable and the Beijing government is sitting on the largest stockpile of foreign reserves in the world. China's power has been increasing in recent years as it has surged to become the third biggest economy, after the U. S. and Japan. Since the late '70s, however, China's economy has doubled every eight years. In that same period, the U. S. conomy has doubled once. Today, average Chinese have some ten times the purchasing power they had just a quarter century ago. China's growth was led by exports and investments in fixed assets, such as factories and roads. China is now a powerful trading nation, and in recent years has been an avid consumer of industrial commodities such as copper, iron ore, and steel to fuel its rapid industrialization. Additionally, another main driver of Chinese growth was the Beijing Summer Olympics whom people looked to as a defining moment of China's rise. China's run of economic prosperity has been great news for millions of Chinese who have seen their living standards improve, as well as for global trade and the broader world economy. However, with all the foreign investment China is receiving, the country will only grow more and more interdependent upon the world economy. The impressive growth rate of China’s economy is not without its shortcomings. Problems such as inflation and inefficient state-owned enterprises plague the rise of the Chinese economy. Some of China’s economic problems seem to be internal, and connected with supporting the massive population while divesting the government of money-losing businesses. Its integration into the international economic order poses major difficulties for the rest of the world. These problems include bringing China's mixed market/centrally planned economy into the GATT, adapting to competition from labor-intensive Chinese exports, encouraging further market-oriented reform, and accommodating its demand for international capital. But China's participation in the global economy also offers important opportunities for trade, investment, and international cooperation to promote world prosperity and stability. The average Chinese GDP is still very low, meaning that it is a country with a lot of poverty. Since China has limited natural resources, the incremental increase in demand for these resources will have to come mainly from imports. Demand for energy and for certain other resources will thus grow very rapidly and China will have to expend large amounts of foreign exchange on their purchase, but China will have the oreign exchange required. And it is also clear that for the developed world, we have to react intelligently and strategically to what China is doing, accepting its aspirations, but also being aware of our own national self interest, and being clear about the ways we can work together. China is a manufacture based economy and is also graduating 350,000 engineers each year, six to seven times more than the U. S. These engineers are joining the manufacturing sector where manufactures now play an important role in response to global demand. The use of information technology in organizations is inevitable, be it manufacturing. It has contributed largely to the process advancements in countries much like Eastern Asia. Chinese manufacturers, for example, will continue to seek out and perfect the implementation of the latest strategies and technologies in the future. A comparative analysis of the investment patterns of U. S. manufacturers versus China is quite astounding. †¢ U. S. Manufacturing plants spent 3% of sales on capital equipment in 2004 whereas China spent 20%. †¢ In the U. S. 53% of manufacturing plants were expected to increase their capital-equipment spending in 2005 compared to China at 72%. †¢ IT spending was expected to increase at 42% of U. S. Plants in 2005 whereas in China, 75% of plants were expected to increase their spending on IT. In short, China has a manufacturing base that is, more cost-efficient today and investing more heavily in the capital equipment and IT that will enable it to become more innovative tomorrow. The impact of information technology in global trade is on the rise, as several advancements are focused on to be implemented in various developing countries like China. American entrepreneurs have pounced on the opportunity of growth in these countries, specifically in China. China is highly populated and is increasing in middle class citizens who have enabled the creation of consumer markets in China. While continuing to grow, entrepreneurs have leaped at the chance to be apart of the business and consumer growth. They learn the Chinese culture, language, and government regulations through their own research and or with the help of locals. Using the opportunity of unpenetrated markets and low resource and production costs, these entrepreneurs are able to build successful ventures. With high business growth, more Chinese citizens are able to afford purchase of imports and exports. Certainly, China is poised to become the world’s next economic super power and largest trading entity, in terms of inward and outward trading flows. If China would keep growing at this pace its economy would be bigger than the American’s economy by 2030 (Prasad, 2004). Their success in attaining that status will depend largely on how they collectively deal with their existing and future economic issues. The economy is showing positive changes but still faces very big difficulties. Despite its problems, China's economy is forecast to grow by at least 5% this year, in stark contrast to many major global economies that are shrinking. But these are speculations about the future. As for the present, China’s emergence is already a major challenge for other developing countries, for Asia, and for the world. That challenge will not diminish anytime soon.

Writing Tips Dialogue Tags in Fiction

Writing Tips Dialogue Tags in Fiction Writing Tips: Dialogue Tags in Fiction Dialogue is an important part of fiction. But when you have multiple characters, you may need to help the reader keep track of who is speaking. This is where dialogue tags come in. But what exactly are dialogue tags? And how do you present them in your writing? Let us explain. Basic Dialogue Tags Dialogue tags tell us who is speaking. One common way to do this is to add a dialogue tag after the spoken dialogue. For instance, a line of dialogue in fiction may look like this: â€Å"Digging is hard work,† Terri said. Here, we can see that â€Å"Terri† is speaking. And as shown above, if a dialogue tag comes after speech, you will usually end the spoken part with a comma inside the closing quotation mark. This changes slightly with questions and exclamations. In these cases, you should omit the comma and give the relevant punctuation mark instead (i.e., a question mark or exclamation point): â€Å"Digging is hard work!† said Terri. â€Å"Why is digging so hard?† asked Terri. However, while these do not use a comma, the punctuation still goes inside the closing quote mark. Dialogue Tag Position You can also place a dialogue tag before speech. For example: James said, â€Å"I am home at last.† The key difference here is the punctuation. Rather than ending the spoken dialogue with a comma, we use a period (or other terminal punctuation) to show that the sentence has ended. In addition, we use a comma before the opening quotation mark to introduce the dialogue. To place a dialogue tag mid-dialogue, meanwhile, you will need to introduce it with a comma. However, the rest of the punctuation will depend on the situation. If the line of dialogue you’re interrupting would be a single sentence without the tag, start and end with a comma: â€Å"I am going home,† said James, â€Å"to sleep.† But if the dialogue tag comes at the end of a full sentence, you should use a period before beginning a new sentence when the dialogue continues: â€Å"I am so tired,† said James. â€Å"I can’t wait to get home.† Here, for example, we use a period after â€Å"James† because â€Å"I am so tired† is a sentence by itself. Omitting Dialogue Tags You don’t always have to name the person who is speaking in a dialogue tag. If you have already named the speaker in the text, for example, you might use a suitable pronoun instead: Aisha looked around the room. â€Å"It could be tidier,† she said. In this case, we’ve used the pronoun â€Å"she† to avoid repeating â€Å"Aisha.† Alternatively, you can omit the dialogue tag completely. This is quite important when writing a conversation, as saying â€Å"he said† and â€Å"she said† for every line would be repetitive: â€Å"Have you been here before?† Tim asked. â€Å"No,† said Aisha. â€Å"Did you want me to lead the way?† â€Å"Sure. I’ll follow.† Tim walked down the corridor. â€Å"Are you nervous?† he asked. â€Å"Yeah. A bit. Maybe.† â€Å"Don’t be. It’ll be fine, I promise.† Aisha smiled. â€Å"Thanks,† she said. â€Å"That helps.† In the exchange above, we don’t need to name the speaker in every line, or even use â€Å"he said† and â€Å"she said† repeatedly. This is because we know there are two people taking turns to speak, so all we need to do is remind the reader who is speaking from time to time. The key, then, is to use dialogue tags to ensure clarity, but also to use them sparingly. This will ensure that the dialogue in your writing is easy to follow while also being a pleasure to read.

The Mail is Arriving Way too Late, Watchdog Reports

The Mail is Arriving Way too Late, Watchdog Reports Even by the U.S. Postal Service’s (USPS) own recently lowered standards, mail delivery has become unacceptably slow, according to a federal inspector general. In fact, the number of letters being delivered late has increased by 48% in the 6 months since January 1, 2015, USPS Inspector General (IG) Dave Williams noted in a Management Alert sent to the Postal Service on August 13, 2015. In his investigation, IG Williams found that, â€Å"Mail was not being processed timely throughout the country.† Why Is the Mail Slower? On January 1, 2015, the Postal Service, in yet another attempt to save money it doesn’t have, lowered its own mail delivery service standards basically allowing mail to be delivered over a longer period of time than before. For example, where 2-day delivery of First-Class mail had been required before, 3-day delivery is now the acceptable standard. Or, â€Å"slow† is the new â€Å"normal.†Ã‚   [ Postal Services Losses by Year ] The move also paved the way for the Postal Service to go ahead with the closure of some 82 mail sorting and handling facilities across the nation, an action 50 U.S. Senators had recommended against. â€Å"The impacts on customer service and employees have been considerable,† Williams wrote of the lowered delivery standards and facility closures. The IG also noted that the delays had been â€Å"compounded† by two other factors: winter storms and employee scheduling issues. â€Å"Postal Service management stated a large number of winter storms disrupted service from January through March 2015, particularly for mail requiring air transportation,† wrote the IG. â€Å"Additionally, winter storms shut down highways on the East Coast and closed a contractor’s hub in Memphis, TN, delaying mail across the country.† As a result of the reduced delivery standards and facility closures, over 5,000 postal workers were assigned new job duties and were forced to change from working night to day shifts. This required staffing realignments and training of mail processing employees on new jobs, creating an inefficient workplace, according to the IG. How Slow is the Mail Now? IG Williams’ investigation showed that letters classified and paid for as 2-day mail took at least three days to arrive from 6% to 15% of the time from January to June in 2015, a service decline of almost 7% from the same period in 2014.   Five-day mail got even slower, arriving in six days or longer from 18% to 44% of the time for 38% service decline since 2014. Overall, during the first six months of 2015, 494 million pieces of mail failed to meet delivery time standards, a late delivery rate 48% higher than in 2014, investigators concluded. [ Door to Door Postal Services Might Be a Thing of the Past ] Remember when local First-Class letters were usually delivered the next day? Well, the Postal Service eliminated that service in January 2015 in preparation for its mail-handling facility closures. For all classes of mail, the new â€Å"relaxed† delivery standards have allowed the Postal Service one extra day to deliver as much as 50% of all mail traveling outside the Zip Code in which it was mailed, according to the IG’s report. Despite the predicted, but highly unlikely demise of â€Å"snail mail,† Postal Service statistics, show that the USPS handled 63.3 billion pieces of First-Class mail in 2014. Of course, that was 34.5 billion fewer pieces of mail than the 98.1 billion letters handled in 2005. In 2014, a focus group representing a cross-section of postal customer, told Postal Officials they would be willing to accept lowered delivery standards if it meant saving the Postal Service. Be careful what you ask for. What the Inspector General Recommended While noting that mail delivery times had improved recently, IG Williams warned that the level of service is still not where it was during the same period last year. To deal with the issue, IG Williams recommended the Postal Service put its plans for a second round of mail handling facility closures and consolidations on hold until it had corrected its staffing, training and transportation problems related to the lowered delivery standards. [ Back When You Could Mail a Baby ] Postal Service officials disagreed with the IG’s recommendation to put the facility closures on hold until delivery problems are solved. In May 2015, Postmaster General Megan J. Brennan put a temporary hold on further facility closures, but did not indicate when or under what conditions they would resume.

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Research Paper

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - Research Paper Example The author of the paper states that sexual harassment consists of any unwanted sexual behavior including suggestive look, words, gestures, sexual jokes, physical touching or pressure for sexual favors. There are two types of sexual harassment: quid pro quo harassment and hostile environment. The quid pro quo harassment occurs when sexual favors are requested or demanded in exchange for tangible benefits like advancement and pay increase or to avoid tangible harm viz., loss of job, demotion and so on A more subtle and possibly more pervasive form of sexual harassment is "hostile working environment". It occurs when someone's behavior in the workplace creates an unexpected environment that makes difficult for someone of a particular sex to work." (Bhuyian and Rabbani, p 1). It has been a serious concern in the contemporary work-environment that the issue of sexual harassment in the workplace has not been efficiently dealt with and there are several cases of unwanted sexual behavior in the modern business context.  Although there have been several steps to deal with this social evil, various studies, as well as media reports, confirm that the issue is still a serious concern in the United States. According to Barry S. Roberts and Richard A. Mann, On-the-job sexual harassment has been an important problem affecting the industrial and business sectors of the country. "Despite widespread publicity about the perils of sexual harassment," they maintain, "surveys demonstrate that many businesses operating in the United States have yet to address the problem. Moreover, recent news reports indicate that sexual harassment has reached the highest levels of management. Although businesses know it exists, they appear unsure of what to do about it. As a result, the specter of employer liability for sexual harassment continues to loom over the workplace." (Roberts and Mann) It is essential to realize that the failure to adopt a pro-active and aggressive stance on this issue c an damage employee morale, apart from various kinds of financial and legal liabilities. Importantly, the number of sexual harassment cases filed with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), as well as in federal and state courts, has increased dramatically in the recent years and on-the-job sexual harassment remains a serious threat to social justice today. Therefore, sexual harassment in the workplace presents a continuing and mounting risk to businesses operating in the United States and it is fundamental to check the rising problem of sexual harassment in the workplace.  

Curcumin Rich Diet Lowers The Incidence Of Breast Cancer Essay

Curcumin Rich Diet Lowers The Incidence Of Breast Cancer - Essay Example Curcumin, (diferuloylmethane), the yellow pigment extracted from the rhizoma of Curcuma longa, has been expected to posses therapeutic or preventive value for several cancers because of its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancerous effects (Maheshwari et al., 2006) Cancer incidence rate comparing the breast and prostate cancer incidence in US and India is presented in the Table 1. Date from GLOBOCAN 2000 is a unique software program which provides access to information on the incidence and prevalence of, and mortality from 26 major cancers for all the countries in the world in 2000. Thus, the cancer incidence, in people from US, is for people who don’t consume curcumin, whereas the cancer incidence, in people from India, is for people who consume curcumin.... 2. P (eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) = P (eat curcumin) P (don't get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 999921/2000000 = 0.5 0.4999605 = 0.24998025. The number of people who eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer is P (don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.24998025 2000000 = 499960.5 3. P (don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer) = P (don't eat curcumin) P (get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 660/2000000 = 0.5 0.00033 = 0.000165. The number of people who don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer is P (don't eat curcumin and get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.000165 2000000 = 330 4. P (don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) = P (don't eat curcumin) P (don't get breast cancer) = 1000000/2000000 999340/2000000 = 0.5 0.49967 = 0.249835. The number of people who eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer is P(don't eat curcumin and don't get breast cancer) total number of people = 0.249835 2000000 = 499670 We place the values obtained in this table: (this is our null distribution) Breast cancer No Breast cancer Total Curcumin Yes (India) 39.5 499960.5 500000 No (USA) 330 499670 500000 Total 369.5 999630.5 1000000 Using the formula, where Oi is observed numbers or frequency and Ei is what we expect if there is no dependence between the 2 variables. we get, 2 = (79-39.5)2/39.5 + (999921-499960.5)2 / 499960.5 + (660-330)2 / 330 + (999340-499670)2 / 499670 = 1000000 The larger the value of 2 , the worse the fit To see whether this number is significant we calculate the p-value. p-value = P(2 > a specific value | model is correct) In this case, the specific value

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Marketing - Essay Example The country of origin has been traditionally considered as a major criterion in the development of consumer choices within the international marketplace. It should be noticed that consumer opinions regarding a specific product/ service cannot be precisely estimated and evaluated because they tend to change continuously. Regarding this issue it is stated by Hall (2002, 24) that ‘consumers "change their minds" about a product, then they change their attitude, and then they act’. In other words, marketers cannot rely on the consumer preferences for a particular product/ service in a specific period of time. They would rather have a series of elements that present the trends of consumers within the particular market in general terms (i.e. not specifically at a particular time point). If the above issue is not taken into consideration, the marketing strategy based on the consumer choices made during a specific period (or under a specific social, financial or political framewo rk) are very likely to be proved inappropriate after a specific time period will be differentiated. On the other hand, the introduction and the application of a specific marketing strategy within the international marketplace should be combined with the appropriate research. If not, the marketing strategy attempted to be implemented will be led to a failure. The above issue has been examined by Diamantopoulos et al. who stated that ‘the methodological pitfalls of international research often lead to questionable research results’.

The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution Essay To ratify a treaty or agreement is to make it official by signing it or voting for it. For amendments of the federal constitution to take place, it usually requires the support of both the federal government and a given percentage of the constituent governments. Article five of the constitution of the United States of America illustrates how to amend the document. There are two steps involved; proposal and ratification. In proposing an amendment, either congress or the states can propose an amendment of the constitution. (Both houses of congress must propose the amendment with a two-thirds vote. Two-thirds of the state legislatures must call a congress to hold a constitutional convention.) In ratifying an amendment, regardless of how the amendment has been proposed, it must be ratified by the states. (Three-fourths of the state legislatures must approve the amendment proposed by congress or three-fourths of the states must approve the amendment through ratifying conventions.) Ratification of the constitution in 1787                  In 1787 and 1788, after the constitutional convention, there was a great debate in the United States of America over the constitution that had been proposed. Federalists were in favor of the constitution and a strong central government as well. These federalists were people like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton. On the opposing side were the anti federalists who were in favor of stronger state legislatures and a weaker central government. The anti-federalists did not want the constitution to be ratified. They were people like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry. Federalists were in support of the ratification process due to the following reasons                  Federalists also reasoned out that the new government would not be dominated by any group and there were various adequate safeguards to protect individuals and the states. The constitution, therefore, did not need a Bill of Rights since it could create a ‘parchment barrier which limited the rights of people instead of protecting them. They considered a Bill of Rights unnecessary because the state governments already had such bills. They wanted a strong federal government which would hold the nation together. The nation was facing several problems, especially constant trade disputes which were at the verge of dividing the nation. A strong federal government was, therefore, necessary. Anti-federalists, on the other hand, did not support the ratification process for the following reasons; They were concerned about the liberties that Americans had won in the revolution. They feared that a strong federal government would destroy these liberties. They were worried that the constitution did not list specific rights for the people. From the above discussion, if I had been alive in 1787, I would have supported the ratification process because of the following reasons; A stronger national government was required to solve persistent problems in America such as lack of a common currency, constant trade disputes between the states and a lack of unity in trade. Features of the constitution would provide adequate power to the national government to address these problems while protecting the rights and freedoms of the people. There were philosophical reasons to oppose the constitution as well. The new government which would be established by the new constitution would create a link between sovereign states. Besides, government did not have power because it was the government, but because the people had granted it power. Federal courts had limited jurisdiction. Many areas were left to the state and local courts. New federal courts were necessary to provide checks and balances on the power of the other two arms of government. Federal courts would thus protect the citizens from government abuse and guarantee their freedom. By separating the basic powers of government into three equal branches, and not giving too much power group, the constitution would provide balance and prevent potential for tyranny. In addition, the anti-federalists main reason for not accepting the ratification process was that the bill of rights had not been included. Later on, the proposed bill of rights was incorporated in the new constitution, and therefore the ratification process was now a valid one. References Bailyn, Bernard. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Anti-federalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters during the Struggle over Ratification. New York: Literary Classics of the United States:, 1993. Print. John, Jeffrey. A Child of Fortune: A Correspondents Report on the Ratification of the U.S. Constitution and Battle for a Bill of Rights. Ottawa, Ill.: Jameson, 1990. Print. The Constitution before the Judgment Seat: The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution, 1787-1791. Choice Reviews Online: 50-0478. Print. Source document

Regular Attendance In All Classes Education Essay

Regular Attendance In All Classes Education Essay Regular attendance in all classes at school or university is essential to improving academic achievement. Questions of personal development of students and the formation of their readiness for future professional activities are keys to the theory and practice of improving the work of modern education institutions.  This is because the initial phase of assimilation with profession comes just during learning, as well as the process of self-determination of a young man in life: he forms his life and philosophical positions, develop individualized methods of work, behavior and communication.   In this case one of the leading problems is to build such a system in educational institutions that will be optimal for not only personal development of students, but also their professional development as specialists, their readiness to work. Consequently, more urgent becomes the problem of identifying the relationship and interdependence of two processes: the personal and professional development of student and the process of studying.  Thats why it is necessary to determine how the learning process and attendance of college or university affect personal characteristics of students: their professionalism, willingness to work, depth of knowledge, and a total success in the future profession. Education is part of the process of personality formation.  Through this process, society transmits knowledge, skills from one person to many other.  During studying the student is not only given, but also imposes certain points of view, opinions, social and cultural values.   The learning process is aimed at the socialization of the individual, but sometimes it interferes with the true interests of the student. For example, some students prefer the process of self-education and not attending schools or university, but rather choose learning by correspondence or distance learning.   But here the question arises: how effective is that education?   Also, some students do not attend university or college because it is a waste of time for them.  However, in the future, these students will have to work, and their professional knowledge and skills are in question.  Consequently, there is a fundamental question: how attendance of the university or college affects the professionalism and success in the future work of the student? Full-time education and lessons attendance in the learning process The traditional form of education is the internal form, when students should strictly attend classes, lectures and seminars.  Most students continue to choose this form of education despite the difficulties of economic nature: during 5 years students will not be able to work full time, and will have to devote most of the time to studying.   In this paper we consider the importance of such form of education for students, and in particular the importance of attendance of classes for their future professional activities. The main purpose of full-time education, when students attend classes, is that the learning process should give students a certain system of knowledge, should work out a certain way of thinking, should give practice of progressive efforts to obtain and use the knowledge. This type of education is the most widely used today and is based on obtaining the knowledge and skills under the scheme: the study of new material consolidation of the material learnt monitoring of results and their evaluation. The main characteristics of full-time education is that:   first, that teachers give students their knowledge, experience and skills;    secondly, teachers not only provide students with the necessary stock of knowledge, but also instruct them on various options of life and job situations. This suggests that classes in schools and universities not only provide students with all the necessary information, but also give the social aspects of educating young people.  The above conditions are complementary, and give students all-round development. Based on this, the most common presentation of full-time education, we should pay attention to some specific features of traditional schooling.  There is a joke that has a deep sense: Education is what remains with a person after he forgets everything he was taught.  Indeed, much of the information people get is usually forgotten after some time, but self-educational and social aspects of learning remain. On this basis, it would be logical to assume, that together with the giving a certain amount of facts and algorithms, the most important task of education is the development of intellectual capacities of students. From a classroom management viewpoint, there are many logistical reasons to require attendance. Group projects are very negatively affected when a group member does not show up for labs. Class morale is lowered when students show up late and have no clue of the topic being discussed. Students claiming that coming to class is unnecessary to get good grades influence other students, even if they do benefit from attending class. (Clump et al. 2003) However, class expedience is a secondary issue, compared to every instructors responsibility to teach her course as effectively as possible. Learning is a joint and wonderful journey between each student, her peers and her instructors. Although the world of academia is rapidly changing with an ever increasing distance- learning component, the sole reading of a textbook (or watching of a screen) cannot be compared in richness and effectiveness of a classroom experience. To fully present the importance of full-time education and lessons attendance, it is necessary to give characteristics of students that prefer full-time education and attend lessons. Who is now a regular full-time student?  This is usually a young man who understands that for serious work you must have higher education.  He deliberately chooses a full-time education, wishing to devote five or six years of his life learning, mastering the profession.  He believes that the acquired knowledge will help to find work in his soul, to take a worthy place in life, to grow in the profession and to ensure an acceptable quality of life for themselves and their future family. Many research and experiments about the regular attendance show that students who attend classes achieve better results in education. For example Clump et al. (2003) studied the effect of attending class in a course in General Psychology,comparing the performance of students who were present on days were given with those who were not present. They conclude that attending class is one of the best things students can do with regards to their grades. This is the case for both the immediate future and for the entire course. (Clump et al. 2003) Of cource not all studies find a significant correlation between attendance and academic performance of students, but still the evidence is very clear. The advantages of full-time education and importance of attending classes The advantages of full-time education and attending classes are the following: 1.  It is an opportunity for direct communication with the teachers, because the personal factor plays a huge role in any work, and especially in education as from teachers lectures students can learn much more than from a textbook or the Internet. 2.  Full-time students have time to visit libraries, conferences, and that, of course, deepens the theoretical knowledge, which is a necessary for professional competency. 3.  Full-time students have more opportunities to realize themselves in the faculty and the institutes activities, that is to participate in the informal life of the university.  This is of great importance for students, because it is the experience of public speeches, reports and other types of professional activity, which is important for their future career. 4.  A graduate degree of full-time education has traditionally higher value than any other form of education.  The employer understands that the student who has devoted five years of his life to studying the profession, has not only acquired a vast knowledge, but also learned how to produce his own labor. Unfortunately, attendance policy has some shortcomings, especially they are important in our times, when grants are small, and the opportunity to work for students is excluded because of lack of time. Of course, full-time education provides fewer opportunities for part-time job, as classes at the institute, as a rule, take time from nine oclock in the morning to five oclock in the evening daily, except weekends. So when some students are forced to look for jobs, they have less time for good studying, regular visits of lectures, seminars and libraries. Unfortunately, apart from a real desire to acquire knowledge and mastery of good profession, sometimes student come to high school for very different reasons, for example when parents make them to do this.  These students often failed to see an independent life after graduation, and do not understand why they need certain knowledge, what they want in the future profession.  This leads to infantile attitude to educational process, focus on formal memory from some students and the desire to just get a good grade, or slip from others.  Some of the criticism for implementing an attendance policy is that it assumes that students cannot judge what is good for them, and that they, not the instructor should decide if they should attend a particular class on a particular day. To make a rational decision to attend or skip class, a student must judge the value of each of these two options. But, it is in the human nature that immediate necessities are preferred over long-term advantages (K ahn et al., 2004). To assume that a young person can appreciate the long-term value of education is a weighty assumption. In all cases, any decision seems rational from the viewpoint of the person taking it. In the case of class attendance, students may skip class for reasons that have nothing to do with bettering their learning. If the student is viewed simply as the instructors customer, then any student decision is, by definition, right. The same way that the instructor chose not to stop by the coffee shop and get his coffee before coming to class, the student chose to skip it. In both cases, it is a students decision. Of course, the situation is changing in senior courses, when student usually already have a professional interest, and begin to think about future employment. Often, students find a job during university studies mainly in order to try out their future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and facilitate their employment after high school. In addition, many students do not understand the importance of learning each subject from the original sources.  Information obtained from the Internet can not replace the material of textbooks, which contain the authors view on the events and phenomena, that present information in a discussion manner and encourage students to think independently.  The role of books in education is still difficult to overestimate.   In any profession there can be more than one specialization.  The system of production practices will help students understand what exactly he wants to do, and simultaneously check the correctness of the chosen profession.  In addition, students need to know and use the opportunity to obtain additional specializations in learning. For example, at the faculty of Management there is an opportunity to learn specialization international management to learn further several world management practices and so on.  This will allow students to have a broader look at their future profession, but also improve the chances of finding employment.   Starting from the second year all students write and defend courseworks.  At the upper classes students have the opportunity to choose the theme of course work with the expectation of a particular use. For example, a fourth-year students of faculty of State and municipal management have course works tasks to produce a business plan. It is a well-known fact that a business plan is a required document for many firms, so the skills of making a good business plan are essential for every professional manager in future. Conclusion and my attitude to the topic This paper shows that there is enough and consistent evidence to conclude that student attendance is important for getting good knowledge, skills, it improves student academic performance and professional characteristics. Generally the system of full-time education and classes attendance is based on the following principle: it is assumed that the student consciously choose future profession and ready to work on the acquiring necessary knowledge and skills, thus, responsibility for the outcome of the learning process rests largely on the student, as it is assumed that he has an active interest in this. I fully agree about the importance of full-time education. Im sure that college or university attendance gives students plenty of opportunities to get knowledge, skills that are necessary for future profession. Such students have far more opportunities not only to get information relevant to the future job, but to develop their own skills and talents. Also full-time education provide students with opportunities to try themselves in future profession, to acquire the necessary experience and facilitate their employment after high school or university. For example many technical colleges have practical lessons in specialized enterprises, engaged in training students of relevant specialties within their walls.  Some subjects students learn not at their desks and not in the teaching laboratories, but directly in the factories, where they can observe the work of unique equipment and try their skills.   Similar processes take place in the humanities courses, when during the practice students work in advertising agencies, public opinion research centers, labor exchanges.   The conclusion may be that the main objective of any education, whether secondary or higher education is to teach people to think independently, to teach students the chosen subjects and professions.  But achieving such a goal is impossible to imagine without the activity of students interested in the results of their training. In conclusion I would like to note that the choice of full-time education is a major step for the future of the student and his family.  It is difficult, but the most productive and promising way of acquiring a profession.  More and more young people nowadays understand that lessons attendance opens new opportunities for self-realization, finding good job, moving up the social ladder, providing a decent standard of living.

The American Civil War was Unavoidable Essay -- American history, econ

If one thing is clear from studying early American history, it is that the Civil War was an unavoidable tragedy. Often, hindsight allows us to recognize those points at which history could have taken a different direction, if only some person or thing were different in some way. This is not the case with the American Civil War. Four factors support the notion of inevitability. This paper will explore the way that economics, previous compromises, changing social mores and values, and the nature of politics laid a foundation for the continued regional conflict which eventually resulted in the Civil War. The economic aspects often come in second to morality when discussing slavery in the South’s plantation economy, but they are worth considering as they are fundamental to why slavery as an institution became so hard to dismantle. Slavery kept plantations partially immune from market fluctuations. Having no labor costs allowed the Southern, less diversified economy to be competitive with the North and European countries. For this reason, slavery became a crucial factor in keeping many industries viable and profitable, including primary and secondary manufacturing, transportation, shipping, and public sector jobs such as infrastructure construction (Starobin, 1970). The South’s financial success was built on a foundation of slave labor, and for this reason, the government had an incentive for the active promotion and protection of slavery. Laws were written to help maintain the institution because without it, the economy would likely have faltered significantly. Early c olonial laws such as the Navigation Acts gave slavery conditions under which it thrived and grew (Post, 1982). The Constitution’s Three-Fifths clause was a... ...continue in this country and around the world to this day. Works Cited History Detectives. (n.d.). Web. 10 Nov. 2015. http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/feature/causes-of-the-civil-war/ Justice. (n.d.). Web. 10 Nov. 2015. http://academic.udayton.edu/race/03justice/aalaws01.htm Post, C. (1982). The American road to capitalism. New Left Review, 133(1), 30-51. Roark, J.L., Johnson, M. P., Cohen, P. C., Stage, S., Lawson, A., Hartmann, S. M. (2009). The American Promise: A History of the United States to 1877. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s. Starobin, R. (1970). The economics of Slavery in the Old South. The Business History Review, Vol. 44 (2). 131-174.http://www.jstor.org/stable/3112351 Trigger events of the Civil War. (n.d.). Web. 10 Nov. 2015. http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/civil-war-overview/triggerevents.html

Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Essay

In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, the author takes us on a journey with Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year-old boy, going in and out of many boarding schools. When he gets kicked out of Pencey the story begins. In fear of coming home to his parents, Holden takes a trip to New York; which leaves him at the point of mental, physical, and emotional insanity. As the novel goes on his obsession with keeping children from losing their purity grows. The adult world seems fake, and Holden does not respect people who made the transition. In Gerald Rosen’s â€Å"A Retrospective Look At The Catcher In The Rye† he explores Holden’s connection to other characters in the book. He also analyzes the difficulties in crossing over to the adult world. Holden qualms the crossing over due to the fact that losing one’s innocence will force one to face reality, and will at times cause adults to â€Å"fall† into a deeper hole. Holden’s mania of keeping children from transitioning to adult hood shows all throughout The Catcher in the Rye. Rosen explains that during the period of time Holden was in the museum he made it known that everything always stayed the same. The purpose of the â€Å"glass cases† acts as a defense against touching, or tainting. â€Å"Like the children in the museum, to protect the innocent, the catcher must strictly refrain from touching; he must ‘just leave them alone’’’ (Rosen). This moment in the book compares the protected artifacts to the innocence of a child. He feels that if the children had someone to protect them from getting affected (â€Å"touched†) by the hard and cruel times in life they could hold onto their purity for as long as possible. Holden expresses the fact that he wants ensure security and stability during these times in life. This point seems to be the first point in the novel where Holden shows a desire to keep children from corruption. â€Å"Anyway, I keep picturing all these kids playing some game in the big field of rye and all†¦What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start going over the cliff† (Salinger 173). Holden wants to â€Å"catch† the kids from their transition into an adult. He does not want them having to deal with losses they will have to overcome in life. He believes that going into adulthood marks the point where society shows its true face. Since Allie, Holden brother’s, death he sees how reality twists and warps in sick ways. While walking around the museum he sees profanity. â€Å"I went down by a different staircase, and I saw another ‘Fuck You’ on the wall. I tried to rub it off with my hand again, but this one was scratched on, with a knife or something. It wouldn’t come off. It’s hopeless, anyway. If you had a million years to do it in, you couldn’t rub out even half of the ‘Fuck You’ signs in the world. It’s impossible† (Salinger 173).When Holden see those words written on the wall he realizes that the youth has already gone through exposure to corruption and cannot go backwards. Holden now understands his inability to save the children from â€Å"falling†, growing up. Since Holden has spent most of his time refraining other from going into adulthood, he did not see how much he himself has fallen. Holden has many similar qualities to a former classmate, James Castle. â€Å"Holden is identified with Castle by Castle’s having killed himself while wearing Holden’s sweater and by Castle’s appearing just before Holden on the roll call and school. This carries the implication that Holden maybe next in line for Castle’s death† (Rosen). James Castle’s way of and to death influenced Holden’s view of life. He suddenly became ostracized in society surrounded by a bunch of â€Å"phonies†. Death was the start and end of Holden’s loss of innocence. Holden never truly had an adult figure in life. His parents detached themselves from him, in times of his need. Feeling like he needed to communicate with someone he called his former teacher, Mr. Antolini. Holden wants to catch children from falling, where as Mr. Antolini wants to save Holden from a rough way down. â€Å"I have a feeling that you’re falling, a terrible,terrible fall† (Salinger 186).Mr. Antolini says this because ever since Allie’s death Holden has had a series of falls. Even though Allie was younger than Holden, he idolized him and thinks very highly of him. Mr. Antolini symbolizes Holden’s loss of Allie, loneliness, and inability to posess self-esteem. Holden wants to provide insurance for children so they do not experience the reality of society and from â€Å"falling† into a deeper hole. Making sure he succeeds, he does everything to keep them from going over the edge. Holden grows up through the novel, and realized that losing one’s innocence in is an unavoidable part of life. In this stage of life one makes the most mistakes and learns from them. If one never went through experience necessary to grow into an adult, they would seem very naà ¯ve and easily taken advantage of. People that have gone through the difficult crossing over want to protect children from the hard-ships. Works Cited Rosen, Gerald. â€Å"A Retrospective Look At The Catcher In The Rye.† American Quarterly 457-462 Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.

How Long Does It Take to Get SAT Scores Back

How Long Does It Take to Get SAT Scores Back SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Don't you wish you could find out how you scored on the SAT right after you finish taking the test? Or maybe you'd like to forget all about it and pretend it never happened (better luck next time)! Either way, your wait time for your SAT scores will bethe same: somewhere between two and sixweeks. This article fills you in on all the details of SAT score reporting and offers some advice for what to do once you get your scores. When Do You Get Your SAT Scores? How long does it take to get SAT scores back? It's a good question, and one that's on everybody's minds after the exam. SAT multiple-choice scores are released 13 days after you take the SAT. (One exception is the June test date, which typically has a score release date about five weeks after the test.) If you took theSAT with Essay, you'll receive your Essay score two to five days after you receive your multiple-choice scores (so about 15-18 days after you took the SAT). After about a year of having longer waits (between three and six weeks) to receive SAT scores, the College Board has revamped its schedule to give you your scores sooner. Yay! Now, the actual time of SAT score release varies. Sometimes it's as early as 5 am Eastern Time (2 am Pacific Time). I wouldn't advise refreshing your account over and over at 4:59 (or 1:59 for you West Coasters) since the release time isn't always exact. Your colleges will get your scores within 10 days after you receive them(if you've indicated them as score recipients). Check out the chart below for exact score release dates by test date. 2019-21 SAT Score Release by Test Dates The chart below shows when you'll be able to see your SAT scores for each test date in the 2019-20 testing year. These score release dates have all been confirmed by the College Board. As you'll see in the chart, for each of these test dates (except June 1st), you'll get your multiple-choice results just 13 days after you take the SAT, and your Essay score (if you took it) two to five days after that. Your SAT score results will be sent to the colleges you indicated within 10 days of you getting your scores. However, for the June test day, you'll have to wait about five weeks before receiving your multiple-choice results. 2019-20 SAT Score Release by Test Dates Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Release Essay Score Release Multiple-Choice Scores Sent to Colleges By Scores w/ Essay Sent to Colleges By 6/1/2019 7/10/2019 7/12/2019-7/15/2019 7/20/2019 7/22/2019-7/25/2019 8/24/2019 9/6/2019 9/8/2019-9/13/2019 9/16/2019 9/18/2019-9/23/2019 10/5/2019 10/18/2019 10/20/2019-10/23/2019 10/28/2019 10/30/2019-/01/2019 /2/2020 /15/2019 /17/2019-/20/2019 /25/2019 /27/2019-/30/2019 12/7/2020 12/20/2019 12/22/2019-12/25/2019 12/30/2019 1/1/2020-1/3/2020 3/14/2020 3/27/2020 3/29/2020-4/1/2020 4/6/2020 4/8/2020-4//2020 5/2/2020 5/15/2020 5/17/2020-5/20/2020 5/15/2020 5/27/2020-5/30/2020 6/6/2020 7/15/2020 7/15/2020-7/17/2020 7/25/2020 7/25/2020-7/27/2020 We also have anticipated score release dates for the 2020-2021 school year, calculated based on past years' score releases. We'll update these as more information becomes available. 2020-21 SAT Score Release by Test Dates (Anticipated) Test Date Multiple-Choice Scores Release Essay Score Release Multiple-Choice Scores Sent to Colleges By Scores w/ Essay Sent to Colleges By Aug 29 Sep Sep 13-16 Sep 21 Sep 23-26 Oct 3 Oct 16 Oct 18-21 Oct 26 Oct 28-31 Nov 7 Nov 20 Nov 22-24 Nov 30 Dec 2-5 Dec 7 Dec 20 Dec 23-25 Dec 25 Dec 27-30 Mar 13 March 26 Mar 28-31 Apr 5 Apr 7-10 May 8 May 21 May 23-26 May 31 June 2-June 5 June 5 July 10 July 12-15 July 20 July 22-25 These dates are when most students will get their SAT scores, but an unlucky few might have to wait longer.They might sign into their College Board accounts to find that their scores still aren't ready. What are some possible reasons why your scores wouldn't show up on score-release day? Where in the world are your SAT scores? What If Your SAT Scores Haven't Been Released? There are a few possible explanations if your SAT scores aren't released on test day. None are especially common, so I wouldn't worry too much about any of them happening to you! Read on for the fourmain causes of score delays. Cause1: Random Test Audit The most random reason would be if the College Board decided to do a random audit of tests to ensure scoring accuracy and your test got chosen. If that were the case, you'd have to wait longer for your scores, but they'd eventually get sent to you. If you didn't get an email or letter from the College Board (they're a fan of sending information out by mail, for some reason), you could give your regional College Board office a call. Be prepared to be transferred and put on hold for a while, though. If you can't tell, I haven't had the best customer service when it comes to the College Board. Cause2: Red Flags on Your Test Another possible reason is that your test was flagged because you improved by an unusually large number of points, such as 400 or 500 points. If your SAT score goes up hundreds of points between test administrations, the College Board might hold your test to check for scoring accuracy or signs of cheating. I worked with an ESL student whose scores were withheld after he improved a few hundred points. We sent in letters on his behalf about all the prep he'd done between tests, but the College Board still canceled his scores in the end. In addition to helping you solve problems while you're taking the SAT, it's a good idea to show your work in your test booklet in the event that this happens to you. This way you can more easily prove that you didn't cheat. In these circumstances, or if a teacher reports cheating, the College Board might compare your answers with the answers of those sitting next to you to try to rule out any foul play. Cause3: Irregularities at Your Testing Site Another possible reason for score delay would be irregularities at the testing site. As an example, this happened during the June 6, 2015 SAT, when some students got an extra five minutes on what should have been a 20-minute section. Cause4: They're Just Being Slow Finally, the reason might simply be that theCollege Board is running behind. They have a ton of tests to grade from students all over the US and world. If you know other students from your testing center or even testing room who've gotten back their scores, you should take action: call the College Board to try to get to the bottom of it. Speaking of which, how do you know whether others have received their SAT scores? Guys, what's the news? Where to Check If Others Have Received Their SAT Scores On plenty of discussion forums, students get up early (or stay up late, depending on the time zone) and count down to the exact moment when their SAT scores are released. The most up-to-date threads can be found on College Confidential, on which you can create an account and play your part in the waiting game. Again, release times vary,so there's really no use getting stressed and losing sleep over it. Your scores will be there when you wake up in the morning! For students who test at their schools with their peers, you'll likely hear through general word of mouth who got their scores (and whether they were psyched or disappointed). Make sure to have your College Board username and password on hand so you can easily sign into your account and view your scores. You can also see whether colleges got your scores. Just go to the "My Scores Sent To" page. If they were sent, the page will say "received" for each college. If not, it will say "pending." Once you get your SAT scores, you can decide whether you're satisfied with the outcome or want (and have time) to retake the test. Do your SAT scores give you a happy face or a sad face? What to Do Once You Receive Your SAT Scores While you shouldn't stay up all night wondering, "When will I get my SAT scores?" and trying to will your scores to appear on-screen, you'll benefit from checking the same day they're released. Why? The sooner you check, the sooner you can figure out whether you're satisfied with your scores or see room for improvement. Here are two options for what to do once you get your SAT scores: Option 1: Send Additional Score Reports to Colleges If you're satisfied with your scores and have more than four schools to send them to, startsending additional score reports to colleges. Make sure to send these colleges your SAT scores as soon as you can so that your colleges will receive them before the application deadline. Additional score reports are not free and cost $12 per report (if you were eligible for a registration fee waiver, however, you can get these reports free as well). If you need your scores to get to your colleges sooner, you can opt for rush reporting, which costs an extra $31 (on top of the $12 per report). This service sends score reports to schools within two to four business days. Option 2: Retake the SAT Not satisfied with your scores? If you have time before yourcollege application deadlinesand will put in the effort to prep, it's a good idea toretake the SAT. You can base your decision to retest on several factors.Ask yourself these questionsin order to determine whether you would benefit from taking the SAT again: What's your target score? How much prep have you already put in? How much more time do you have to prepare before your next test? How many times have you already taken the SAT, and what improvement have you seen? On a related note, because a lot of colleges superscore the SAT, you won't have to worry about accidentally scoring worse on one or more sections. (If you're prepping effectively, however, this is unlikely anyway!) Make sure to send your official score reports to all your colleges. Recap: When Do You Get Your SAT Scores? In closing, let's go over the most important points to remember about receiving your SAT scores. After you finish taking the SAT, you'll have to wait about two weeks to get your scores back (five weeks if taking the June SAT). If you took the SAT with Essay, expect to get your Essay score a few days after you get your multiple-choice scores online. You can check to see whether others have gotten their SAT scores by browsing online forums such as College Confidential or by talking with your peers at school. Once you get your scores, your two main options are to either send additional score reports to schools (if satisfied with your scores) or sign up for a retake (if dissatisfied with your scores). Don't forget to factor any extra time you need into your plans so you can ensure your scores will be able to get to your schools in time! What's Next? After you get your SAT scores, you can decide if you're satisfied or if you want to test again. But what exactly are you aiming to score? This article goes over what low scores, good scores, and excellent scores are. Check it out so you can determine your own target SAT score. Are you looking to improve your score on a specific section of the SAT? Read our advice and strategies for improving your scores on the SATReading, Writing, and Math sections. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: